Be Skeptical! Cartesian Dualism I'm a Materialist, Part II Freedom! Potpourri
200
What is knowledge?
If this is power, then we cannot achieve power because we cannot have this, says the skeptic.
200
What is two?
We are made up of this number of substances, says the mind/body dualist.
200
What are behaviors (or dispositions to behave in certain ways)?
All "mental states" can be explained in terms of these, says the behaviorist.
200
What is moral responsibility?
Free will seems inextricably linked to this concept on which society (especially our penal institutions) depend. That is why hard determinism is so scary!
200
What is metaphysics?
This branch of philosophy deals with questions about what is real.
400
What is suspend judgment/belief?
Stop hating and start participating! Unlike modern skepticism, ancient skepticism says we must also do this in our lives.
400
Who is Rene Descartes?
Sorry Plato! This early modern philosopher was the first thinker to give expression to substance mind/body dualism as it is known today.
400
What is behaviorism?
Mr. Ryle, you must admit that if some mental states fail to manifest themselves outwardly, it raises questions about this 20th century theory.
400
What is show that free will and determinism can coexist?
Behold our trilemma! To address the "problem of free will", we can deny free will, deny determinism, or this option.
400
What is "blank slate"?
The term "tabula rasa" is Latin for this. Give me some crayons!
600
What is tranquility (peace of mind)?
Some people smoke weed, others meditate. For the ancient skeptic, their path to this state of mind can found in their philosophical writings.
600
What is false?
True or False - according the Rene Descartes, the sensation of pain can be explained solely in terms of the entities and processes that occur in the person's central nervous system.
600
What is mind-brain identity theory?
The fact that severe damage to the prefrontal cortex causes permanent change in personality is strong evidence for this theory. (Be specific please!)
600
What is libertarianism?
The view that human beings are "self-moving beings" is a mysterious metaphysical notion. But it seems that this theory depends on it.
600
What is a prior knowledge (knowledge independent of sense experience)?
Empiricists reject the possibility of this type of knowledge.
800
What is belief (that the current state is "bad")?
"I do not maintain that the Skeptic is completely undisturbed," says Sextus Empiricus. "I confess that sometimes he is cold and thirsty, and that he suffers in these ways." However, in similar circumstances, the non-skeptic suffers even more because he possesses this about his current state."
800
What is the problem of mind/body interaction?
Physical things can't affect nonphysical things! That's silly! At least, so says this problem in philosophy - also a major worry about interactive mind/body dualism.
800
What are mental states?
These actually exist independent of outward behaviors, says the mind-brain identity theorist. So behaviorists, you're wrong!
800
What is the ability to do otherwise (alternative possibilities)?
"To be or not to be?" is the wrong question, because you can still act freely even if you do not have this, according to compatibilists.
800
Who is John Locke?
This man once wrote: "I think, it will be granted easily, that if a child were kept in a place where he never saw any other but black and white till he were a man, he would have no more ideas of scarlet or green [...]"
What is placing things in opposition to each other?
I entertain pro-choice arguments. I then entertain pro-life arguments. I then internalize the force of each side. According to the ancient skeptic, I am doing this - a necessary step before suspending judgment.
What is they have different properties (features)?
According to Descartes' different properties argument, the mind and the body cannot be identical to each other for this reason.
What is knowledge (of what the sensation is)?
In his 1982 paper "What Mary Didn't Know", Frank Jackson argues having a full understanding of the physical account of a person's sensation (say of a person's sensation of red) does not amount to having this of the sensation.
What is the truth of incompatibilism (the idea that free will and determinism cannot coexist)?
Hard determinism and libertarianism are drastically different theories. But they are strange bedfellows when it comes to asserting this.
What are her own desires (or wants, values)?
A compatibilist believes that a person can still act freely, even if her actions are determined. This is due to the fact that even though her actions are determined, she can still act in accord to these.






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