Said the President can remove a postmaster at will, without Senate approval

Allows Congress to regulate interstate commerce - has expanded significantly thanks to the aggregation principle and substantial activity doctrine

Found the 14th Amendment did not protect a woman's right to vote, because it was never meant to cover voting rights

Not treaties, not ratified by Congress, but can sometimes have the force of law

Wrote Lincoln's First Inaugural into Supreme Court precedent, saying secession was illegal and thus the states in rebellion never left the union

Overturned the private cause of action under the VAWA, claiming that an affirmative, rather than corrective, remedy is not an acceptable use of the Equal Protection clause

Two acts passed by an early Congress that Democratic-Republicans believed interfered with freedom of speech and other rights, and the states attempted to oppose on Constitutional grounds

The part of the Constitution making the President in charge of all the military services, and giving him the ability to conduct wars

The Senate rule allowing senators to talk continuously, which requires a 2/3 cloture vote to end, although rules only require a simple majority to change

Held that a decision to revoke money must be made for a reason germane to why the money was to be sent there, and that highway safety money could not be revoked because of drinking age laws. Limited Congress's power to use the spending power to "coerce"

Under the word "liberty" in the 14th Amendment, barred states from banning private education because of interference with the liberty of choice in education

Congress had the power to enact the Civil Rights Act of 1964 under the Commerce Clause because allowing discrimination has a deleterious affect on travel and thus commerce

The Commerce Clause does not extend to things too attenuated from commercial activity, including whether guns are allowed near schools

This case found women do have a right to an abortion because of the privacy right found in the penumbra of the 4th Amendment, which the government can't take away without due process of law, under substantive due process

Under the Recess Appointments Clause, found that an appointment must be made during an actual recess of at least ten days with no sessions, including pro forma sessions, and the vacancy must occur during the recess.

This case held that the President could act as Commander-in-Chief even before Congress officially declares war

An extradition clause that only applied to runaway slaves, meant to mollify the Southern states who were concerned about Northern abolitionists

Jefferson's first election to the presidency and his following acts of prosecutorial discretion and official pardons, based on a belief the Alien and Sedition acts were unconstitutional

Found that Congress does have the power to abolish lower courts, because they have the power to create them

State power is closer to the people, more specialized, and allows for competition, but federal power can control for negative externalities between states and "races to the bottom," plus allows for economies of scale

A widely-derided SC case authorizing the internment of Japanese-Americans during WWII as deference to military authority during wartime

Gave Congress the power to regulate territories and make new states

During George Washington's Presidency, disagreement between SecState Jefferson and SecTreasury Hamilton over whether the U.S. should stay neutral in the war between England and revolutionary France

Found the 14th Amendment did not support the Civil Rights Act of 1875, because it could only be used to regulate state action (The State Action Doctrine)

The boat case - held Congress could regulate ferry traffic within a state because of the effect it has on interstate commerce