Common Childhood Communicable Diseases | Terms | Transmission and Precautions | Worldwide Immunization Programs | Potpourri |
---|---|---|---|---|
What is chickenpox?
This common childhood disease is caused by the varicella-zoster virus.
|
What are pathogens?
These are organisms that cause disease.
|
What is acquired immunity?
This type of immunity is gained as a result of having the disease or by receiving vaccines or immune serums.
|
What is a vaccine?
This is a suspension of weakened or inactivated organisms that stimulate immune bodies to form.
|
What is hand hygiene?
This is the single most important way to prevent the transmission of communicable diseases.
|
What is lyme disease?
This disease is spread by infected ticks, S&S include a macule with raised border and clear center.
|
What is the incubation period?
This is the time between the invasion by the pathogen and the onset of clinical symptoms.
|
What is the chain of infection?
This is the process by which pathogens are transmitted from the environment to a host, invade the host, and cause infection.
|
What is an immune globulin?
This is a solution containing antibodies extracted from human or animal blood and provides passive immunity.
|
What is a pustule?
This is the term for a circular reddened area on the skin that contains pus.
|
What is polio (infantile paralysis; poliomyelitis)?
This disease, caused by enterovirus, has symptoms including fever, stiff neck, stiff back, and paralysis.
|
What is a portal of entry?
This is a route by which the organisms enter the body (e.g. a cut in the skin).
|
What is an opportunistic infection?
This type of infection is caused by organisms normally found in the environment that the immune suppressed individual cannot resist or fight.
|
What is the thigh (vastus lateralis)?
This is the site for IM injections in infants.
|
What is smallpox?
Although no longer considered a threat, the nurse must remain alert to S&S of this communicable disease.
|
What is mumps (parotitis)?
Symptoms of this disease are fever, headache, painful swelling in glands near ear and jawline, and enlarged parotid gland.
|
What is a pandemic?
This refers to a worldwide high incidence of a communicable disease.
|
What is contact precautions?
This type of precaution is used when organisms can be transmitted via skin-to-skin contact and include gloves and a cover gown.
|
What is intramuscular?
The TDaP vaccine should be administered via this route.
|
What is the prodromal period?
This refers to the initial stage of a disease, between the earliest symptoms and the appearance of a typical rash or fever.
|
What is scarlet fever?
This disease is caused by group A strep.
|
What is a fomite?
This is any inanimate material that absorbs and transmits infection.
|
What is airborne infection isolation precautions?
This type of precaution includes the use of negative-pressure rooms and N95 particulate respirator masks.
|
What are varicella (Varivax) and live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV)?
These two vaccines must be stored at or below 5 degrees F and used within 30 minutes of reconstitution.
|
What are phagocytes?
These are the component in the blood that attack and destroy organisms.
|