The processing of information into the memory system.

The loss of memory.

The way an issue is posed, which can significantly affect decisions and judgments.

A system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others.

A mental image or best example of a category.

The retention of encoded information over time.

The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage.

The inability to see a problem from a new perspective.

The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences.

Clinging to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.

The process of getting information out of memory storage.

Incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event.

A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.

The set of rules by which we derive meaning from words and sentences in a given language.

The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information.

The immediate, very brief recording of information from our environment.

Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare.

Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to match particular prototypes.

The smallest distinctive sound unit in a language.

The theory that language influences the way we think.

A newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory.

Retention independent of conscious recollection.

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory.

The smallest unit that carries meaning in a language.

An increase in a synapse’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation; the neural basis for learning and memory.