Defining Crime | Defining Crime | Theories of Crime: Chapter 4 | Theories of Crime Chapter 4 | Theories of Crime Chapter 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|
What is the Hierarchy Rule?
This rule means that only the worst crime in a criminal incident will be reported
|
What is the Hotel Rule?
This is the term that refers to the reporting of several similar criminal acts occurring in a single structure being reported as a single criminal incident to NIBRS
|
What are the seductions of crime?
This is another term that refers to the immediate benefits that act as situational inducements to the commission of a crime
|
What is that all people have the capacity to understand right and wrong?
This is the basic underlying assumption of rational choice theory
|
What are positivist theories?
Theories that originate in this school of thought must be able to be directly observed and not through conjecture or belief
|
What is the Bureau of Justice Statistics?
This governmental agency collects the data for the NCVS
|
What is a bounding interview?
This prevents older criminal incidents from being reported as more recent into the NCVS
|
What is situational crime prevention?
This is an ecological approach to crime prevention that alters the settings in which crime occurs
|
What is the certainty?
According to Beccaria, the ___________________ of punishment, not the severity, should be sufficient to deter crime
|
What is physiognomist?
This was the study of facial features of criminal offenders to assess commonalities conducted by Lavater (1741-1801)
|
What is the amount of crime in question, the population at risk for that crime, a constant multiplier, the location and a span of time?
These are the 5 components of crime rates
|
What is a sampling bias or the undercounting of minority people, males and young people?
This is a major problem and challenge in crime report data that is very difficult to rectify
|
What is specific deterrence?
This type of crime prevention effort focuses on offenders that have already committed a crime and attempts to prevent them from committing more crime
|
Who is Cesare Beccaria?
This individual is also known as the 'Father of Classical Criminology'
|
What are atavisms?
This was the term that refers to a criminal as an evolutionary throwback that is not properly evolutionized and socialized. It relates to Cesare Lombroso's work.
|
What are Return A: Crimes Known to the Police; Age, Sex, Race and Ethnic Origin of Arrested Offenders; and SHRs (Supplementary Homicide Reports)?
These are the 3 forms within the data collection of the UCR that have the greatest relevance to violent crime
|
What is 'telescoping'?
This is a problem with human memory in which people recall events that occurred farther back in time into the more recent past
|
What are 'sneaky thrills'?
Exhibiting personal competence of deviant tasks is referred to as this by Jack Katz
|
What are irrational persons / the mentally ill/disabled?
Rational choice theory is criticized for failing to consider this
|
What is phrenology?
This was the examination of the bumps on the skull to determine the size of the brain and thus predict behavior pioneered by Gall
|
What are arrest clearances and exceptional clearances?
These are the two types of clearances
|
What are interviews?
This is the manner in which NCVS data is collected
|
What is general deterrence?
Security cameras, security personnel, metal detectors are all examples of this phenomena intending to prevent crime from occurring
|
What is incarceration?
This operates under the notion that if we reduce or eliminate the opportunity for an individual to commit crime in the first place by removing the individual from society, we will effectively prevent crime
|
What are somatotypes (mesomorphs, ectomorphs, and endomorphs)?
These are the three body types proposed by William Sheldon
|
What are trait theories?
No single biological or psychological attribute/characteristic is solely responsible for criminal tendencies; recognizes individuality and unique characteristics of offenders that lead to criminal offending
|