| Chapter 3 | Chapter 3 | Chapters 3 - 4 | Research Design | Research Design |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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What is 'moral'?
This refers to the extent to which an action is 'right' or 'wrong' based on a set of values or beliefs held by an individual or group of individuals
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What is confidentiality?
A researcher promises not to connect a subject with his or her responses publicly
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What is informed consent?
This is required to be obtained from all research participants to acknowledge their voluntary participation in the project
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What is a spurious relationship?
This is said to exist when 2 variables appear to be correlated but are not
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What are bias and generalizability?
These are the two major groups of threats to validity
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What is the social researcher's dilemma?
This refers to the balance of the potential benefits of social research and of what we stand to learn from the research against the possibility of harm that may befall research subjects
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What is [to] deceive?
This is generally considered unethical to do to research subjects
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What is when researchers are only using documents or records about human subjects and not interacting with the subjects directly? (indirect contact with human subjects)
This is what qualifies a study for an abbreviated review from an IRB
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What are necessary and sufficient?
These are the two types of causes of an effect within the probabilistic model
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What are units of analysis?
These could be individuals, groups, organizations or social artifacts
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What is 'ethical'?
This may be defined as behavior conforming to the standards of conduct for a given group and is a matter of agreement among professionals in the same field
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What is the Belmont Report?
This is required reading for all social researchers
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What are children / juveniles, prisoners, the mentally ill, and the elderly?
These are considered special populations in social research
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What are threats to validity?
These would make our assessments of causality not true
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What is individual fallacy?
This is using anecdotal evidence to make an argument
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What are 'complete observer' and 'complete participant'?
These are the two most extreme of the roles a researcher may take in participant observation according to Gold
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What is an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
This is what a researcher must present his or her research plan to in order to obtain approval to conduct a research project
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What is cause?
This is inherently probabilistic in social science research - thus we never fully PROVE anything; rather we may say that something is 'more or less likely within groups of people'
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What is external validity?
This is what we are concerned with if our findings can or cannot be replicated in another similar study
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What are cross-sectional studies?
This type of study examines variables at a single moment in time, kind of like a snapshot and works best in descriptive or exploratory studies
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What is 'voluntary'?
__________________ participation of research subjects threatens generalizability
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What is failing to report criminal activity to the police and engaging in participant observation where crimes are committed?
These are two ways that researchers may expose themselves to criminal liability
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What is causation?
This is the focus of explanatory research
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What is construct validity?
This is concerned with how well an observed relationship between variables represents the causal process
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What is prospective research?
This type of research follows people forward in time, as in the Gluecks research
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