Etiology and Pathophysiology Impact on Geriatric Population Impact on Healthcare System Management Future Management
100
Diabetes → Diabetic nephropathy
What is the most common cause of CKD in the United States?
100
No → higher risk of hypoglycemia
Should older patients with CKD and DM maintain tight glycemic control?
100
30 days
A patient must be admitted within how long of the index hospital admission to be considered a readmission?
100
Diabetes and Hypertension
What are the top two comorbidity risk factors for CKD?
100
Type II Diabetes, duh
What does T2DM stand for?
200
Asymptomatic
Most common presentation of early CKD?
200
4x more likely
What is the likelihood that a person who is African American will develop CKD compared to a person who is Caucasian?
200
25%
Nearly what percentage of the Medicare budget is spent on patients with CKD/ESRD?
200
When they reach CKD stage 4: GFR 15-29
When should a patient be referred to a nephrologist?
200
Two to three times per week
How many times per week do dialysis patients typically have to be dialyzed?
300
Autoimmune, chronic conditions, systemic insult or metabolic derangement
Name 1 of the 3 listed underlying processes which lead to kidney damage and CKD.
300
Underlying cardiovascular disease
Most common cause of death in patients with stage 3 CKD?
300
Lack of nephrologist availability
What is one way that a lack of healthcare services contributes to high readmission rates among CKD patients?
300
Dietitian, case manager, PCP, nephrologist, cardiologist
Who is involved in the disciplinary team for patients with CKD?
300
Farxiga
What is the FDA-approved SGLT-2 inhibitor that is organ protective in the management of CKD?
400
Renal fibrosis
What underlying mechanism (or injury pattern) characterizes the pathophysiology of CKD?
400
Diabetes, advanced age, low serum albumin, lower SES, inadequate dialysis
Name two predictors of mortality for CKD.
400
Timely follow-up visits with a nephrologist
Name a factor that has been shown to decrease readmission rates.
400
Transportation to dialysis and medication management
What are some burdens on caregivers?
400
Blood sugar control
What was Farxiga formerly used for? (SGLT-2 inhibitor)






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