The quickening pace of U.S. economic growth depended on ____________, the economic system in which private businesses and individuals control the means of production.

Many Americans immediately seized on the phrase “____________ _____________” to express their belief that the United States’ destiny was to expand to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory.

In 1821, Stephen F. ________ led the first of several groups of American settlers to a fertile area along the Brazos River.

Hostilities between the United States and Mexico reignited over the American annexation of Texas in 1845 because of the territorial aspirations of the U.S. president _______ _______.

In 1846 Elias Howe invented the ___________ _____________ which increased the production of clothing.

The 1851 Treaty of _______ ____________ provided various Native American nations control of the Central Plains, land east of the Rocky Mountains that stretched roughly from the Arkansas River north to Canada.

Austin had traveled to Mexico City late in 1833 to present petitions for greater self-government for Texas to Mexican president Antonio López de ________ _______.

Hoisting a flag that featured a grizzly bear, the rebels proudly declared their independence from Mexico and proclaimed the nation of the ___________ of ______________.

Samuel F. B. Morse, a New England artist, created the ______________ in 1837 to carry messages, tapped in code, across copper wire.

One of the busiest and most well-known avenues of trade was the ________ ____ ________, which led 780 miles from Independence, Missouri, to Santa Fe, New Mexico.

After Santa Anna revoked local powers in Texas and other Mexican states, several rebellions erupted, including what would eventually be known as the _______ _______________.

On February 2, 1848, the United States and Mexico signed the Treaty of _____________ _____________. Mexico agreed to the Rio Grande border for Texas and ceded New Mexico and California to the United States.

The ______ __________ was the nation’s first major canal, and it was used heavily.

Mormon history began in western New York in 1827 when __________ __________ and five associates established the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Fayette, New York, in 1830.

Six weeks after the defeat of the Alamo, on April 21, the Texans struck back. Led by _____ _____________, they defeated Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto.

Among the so-called forty-niners, the prospectors who flocked to California in 1849 during the _______ _______, where people from Asia, South America, and Europe came in seek of gold.

In 1837, blacksmith ________ ____________ invented the first steel plow.

In 1847, ___________ __________ led a group of Mormons to the edge of the lonely desert near the Great Salt Lake.

On December 29, 1845, Texas became the ____th state in the Union.

By 1849, California’s population exceeded ___________.