| Schedules of Reinforcement | Four Intermittent Schedules | Other Simple Schedules of Reinforcement | Complex Schedules of Reinforcement | Theories of Reinforcement | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 
					  What is a schedule of reinforcement?					 
					 The response requirement that must be met to obtain reinforcement | 
					  What is a fixed ratio schedule.					 
					 Reinforcement is contingent upon a fixed, predictable number of responses. | 
					  What is a duration schedule?					 
					 A type of simple schedule in which reinforcement is contingent on performing a behavior continuously throughout a period of time. | 
					  What is a complex schedule?					 
					 A type of schedule that consists of two or more simple schedules. | 
					  What is the drive reduction theory?					 
					 A theory in which an event is reinforcing to the extent that is associated with a reduction in some type of physiological drive. | 
| 
					  What is a continuous reinforcement schedule?					 
					 A schedule in which each specified response the animal makes is reinforced. | 
					  What is a variable ratio schedule.					 
					 Reinforcement is varying and unpredictable. | 
					  What is a response rate schedule?					 
					 A type of simple schedule in which reinforcement is directly contingent upon the organism's rate of response. | 
					  What is a conjunctive schedule?					 
					 A type of complex schedule in which the requirements of two or more simple schedules must be met before a reinforcer is delivered. | 
					  What is the Premack principle?					 
					 A principle that states that a high-probability behavior can be used to reinforce a low-probability behavior. | 
| 
					  What is an intermittent reinforcement schedule?					 
					 A schedule in which only some responses are reinforced. | 
					  What is a fixed interval schedule?					 
					 Reinforcement is contingent upon a first response after a fixed, predictable amount of time. | 
					  What is a fixed duration schedule?					 
					 A type of duration schedule in which the behavior must be performed continuously for a fixed, predictable amount of time. | 
					  What is an adjusting schedule?					 
					 A type of schedule in which the response requirement changes as a function of the organism's performance while responding for the previous reinforcer. | 
					  What is a response deprivation hypothesis?					 
					 A hypothesis that states that a behavior can serve as a reinforcer when a) access to the behavior is restricted and b) its frequency thereby falls below its preferred level of occurrence. | 
| 
					  What is a steady state behavior?					 
					 The stable pattern that emerges once the organism has had sufficient exposure to the schedule. | 
					  What is a variable interval schedule?					 
					 Reinforcement is contingent upon the first response after a varying, unpredictable amount of time. | 
					  What is a variable duration schedule?					 
					 A type of duration schedule in which the behavior must be performed continuously for a varying, unpredictable amount of time. | 
					  What is a chained schedule?					 
					 A type of schedule that consists of a sequence of two or more simple schedules, each of which has its own Sd and the last of which results in a terminal reinforcer. | 
					  What is a behavioral bliss point approach?					 
					 An approach that states a organism with free access to alternative activities will distribute its behavior in such a way as to maximize overall reinforcement. | 
| 
					  What is a schedule effect?					 
					 The different response requirements that have dramatically different effects on behavior. | 
					  What is a ratio strain?					 
					 A disruption in responding due to an overly demanding response requirement | 
					  What is differential reinforcement of high rates?					 
					 A type of response rate schedule in which reinforcement is contingent upon emitting at least a certain number of responses in a certain amount of time. (hint: reinforcement is given when organism responds at a fast rate) | 
					  What is a goal gradient effect?					 
					  A type of effect in which an increase in the strenght and/or efficiency of responding as one draws near to the goal. | 
					  What is incentive motivation?					 
					 A type of motivation that is derived from some property of the reinforcer, as opposed to an internal drive state. |