a stimulus to which the organism doesn't respond in any noticeable way.

A response that is followed by a reinforcer is strengthened and therefore more likely to occur again.

1 involves presentation of stimuli and 2 involves the removal of stimuli.

Occurs when the amount of reinforcement is decreased.

Organism responds to the stimulus unconditionally, without learning.

1. The reinforcer must follow the response.
2. The reinforcer should follow immediately.
3. The reinforcer must be contingent on the response.

Involves having an individual repeat an action, but this time doing it correctly.

A specified period of time in which a person has no opportunity to receive the kinds of reinforcement to which peers have access.

A learned response from the conditioned response.

Primary builds satisfaction with a need or desire, whereas a secondary doesn't.

Off-task behavior, hyperactivity, disruptiveness, and aggression.

Generalization

Food and nausea

A gesture or sign

Any consequence that seriously threatens a student's self-esteem or emotional well-being.

Students with math disabilities rarely sign up for advanced math classes.

Spontaneous recovery occurs after extinction of a conditioned response.

Positive presents stimuli, whereas negative removes stimuli.

It can lead to resentment, inattention, or avoidance.

The time interval for reinforcement is consistent no matter the amount of responses.