| Energy Transfer as Heat | What happens to solar radiation? | Temperature Controls | Composition of the Atmosphere | Earth-Sun relationship |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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What are the three mechanisms of energy transfer as heat?
Radiation, Convection, Conduction
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What are the three different results when radiation strikes an object?
1. Some energy is absorbed by the object
2. Substances are transparent to certain wavelengths of radiation 3. Some radiation may bounce off the object without being absorbed or transmitted |
What are factors that affect temperature?
Heating of land and water, altitude, geographic position, cloud cover, and ocean currents
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What is nitrogen and oxygen?
The two elements that make up 99% of the atmosphere
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What percentage of energy given off by the sun is absorbed by earth?
Less than one-two-billionth of energy
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What are examples of good conductors?
Metals including iron and cooper, air is bad however
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What is the percentage of solar energy reflected back to space?
30% of solar energy
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What are windward and leeward coast temperature differences?
Leeward: harsh temperatures and winds
Windward: cool summers and mild winters |
What are the roles of water vapor in the atmosphere?
Source of all clouds and precipitation, absorbs heat given off by earth and absorbs some solar energy
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What is the summer solstice?
The first official day of summer that has the most hours of sunlight
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What is ultra violet waves?
The sun emits these types of rays, also cause sun tans and can be dangerous in excessive amounts
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What percentage of solar energy that strikes the top of Earths atmosphere reaches Earth's surface and is absorbed?
50%
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What is the contribution of clouds to nighttime temperatures?
Clouds act as a blanket making the nighttime temperatures warmer
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What is the difference of air from place to place?
Airs composition changes at different times and locations
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Where is Earth's axis tilted?
The north star influences Earth two principal motions
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What is the way that convection is transferred.
Convection Current
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What is the difference between reflection and scattering?
Reflection: occurs when light bounces off an object
Scattering: produces a larger number of weaker rays that travel in different directions |
What is an isotherm?
Lines that connect points that have the same temperatures
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What would happen if there was no ozone?
The earth would become uninhabitable and deadly amounts of UV rays would reach the earth, since this couldn't absorb them
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What are Earths two principal motions?
Rotation and revolution
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What is radiation?
This mechanism of energy transfer as heat can travel through the vacuum of space
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What is the necessity of the greenhouse effect?
The green house effect provides a suitable environment for living things
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What directions do isotherms run?
East and west are the direction these run
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What is a primary pollutant?
Emmited from known sources, combine with each other to form secondary pollutants in the atmosphere
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What is the cause of seasonal changes?
Earth's position relative to the sun continually changes as it travels along its orbit
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