First Supreme Court decision to declare a federal law-the Judiciary Act of 1789-unconstitutional

North Africans who waged war (1801-1805) on the United States after Jefferson refused to pay tribute (a bribe) to protect American ships.

Conflict fought in North America and at sea between Great Britain and the United States over American Shipping rights and British-inspired Indian attacks on American settlements.

Treaty signed on December 24,1814 where both sides agreed to end the war, return the prisoners, and restore the previous boundaries. It also ended the War of 1812.

President Thomas Jefferson's purchase of this territory from France for $15 million doubled the size of the United States.

The practice of British naval personnel forcibly boarded American ships and captured sailors they claimed were British citizens who had deserted the British navy.

A group of Native American nations under leadership of Shawnee leader Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa; its mission of fighting off American expansion was thwarted in the Battle of Tippecanoe when the confederacy fell apart.

Final major battle in the War of 1812, in which the Americans under General Andrew Jackson unexpectedly and decisively countered the British attempt to seize the port of New Orleans.

Mission to the Pacific coast commissioned for the purposes of scientific and geographical exploration.

In December 1807, this unprecedented Act stopped all American Ships from leaving for foreign ports and all trade with foreign nations was banned.

"The Star-Spangled Banner" was inspired by the sight of the American flag still flying over this fort.

A series of secret meetings in Dec 1814 to January 1815 at which New England Federalists protested American involvement in the War of 1812 and discussed several constitutional amendments designed to weaken the Republican party.