| Exam I | New Stuff | Exam II | Exam III | Wild Card |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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What is They stop dividing
What happens when a cell reaches senescence? (5.3.4-6)
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What is Metaphase
During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up at the cell center? (21.47)
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What is False
True/False: Splicing requires energy. (7.37-38)
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What is False
True/False: Nitric Oxide triggers smooth muscle contraction in blood-vessel walls. (18.20)
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What is Mitochondria
Which developed first, mitochondria or chloroplasts? (1.62)
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What is Light microscope
If John-Vincent wanted to look at an object that was .5 microns, would he use his naked eye, a light microscope, or an electron microscope? (2.5)
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What is Embryos
Where are pluripotent stem cells derived from? (23.15)
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What is True
True/False: The small ribosomal subunit binds to the RNA before the large ribosomal subunit (8.2.17)
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What is Thylakoid membrane, stroma
Where do the light reactions of photosynthesis take place in the _____, and the dark reactions take place in the _____. (17)
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What isTranscriptional control
RNA processing control RNA transport and localization control mRNA degradation control Translation control Protein activity control
What are some of the ways eukaryotic gene expression is controlled. (9.6)
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What is
Short generation time Grow well in lab Experimentally manipulable Have genetic tools Approximate an important animal (humans)
Name some of the factors that make for a good model organism. (2.39)
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What is 4
How many factors (genes) are required to reprogram cells into iPS stem cells? (23.39)
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What is They are tagged by ubiquitin and sent to the proteasome to be degraded.
How are proteins degraded (8.3.7-8)
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What is
Ligand gating Voltage gating Stretch or pressure gating Phosphorylation gating
Name some of the different types of gated ion channels. (13.28)
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What is Alternative splicing removes introns from RNA, while exon shuffling is the reorganization of the order of exons within a gene that creates novel genes.
Describe the difference between exon shuffling and alternative splicing. (10.1.21-28)
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What is ~ 73%
What percentage of the genome contains stuff thats not genes (repeats, heterochromatin, regulatory regions) (6.24)
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What is Cylin concentration increases gradually, cdk activity has spikes.
How does the balance of flow of cyclin concentration over time differ compared to the flow of cdk activity over time? (21.16)
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What is 8 (2^n; n = number of cycles)
How many double-stranded DNA molecules are produced after the third PCR cycle? (11.8)
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What is Constitutive secretion leads to unregulated exocytosis. Regulated secretion is exocytosis regulated and extracellular signal.
What is the difference between constitutive secretion and regulated secretion from the golgi? (14.46)
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What is Alzheimers
What disease does hyperphosphorylated Tau lead to (along with beta amyloid aggregates) (20.25)
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What is
Lytic - the phage DNA immediately starts using the cell machinery to produce viral proteins and eventually new viruses. The new viruses burst (lyse) through the cell membrane and go infect more cells Lysogenic - the phage DNA integrates with the host chromosome and stays dormant until an induction event triggers the lytic pathway.
Pertaining to viruses, describe the difference between the lytic and lysogenic pathways? (6.46)
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What is Dynamic instability, treadmilling
__________ occurs when the microtubule assembles and disassembles at one end only, while _______ occurs when one end polymerizes while the other end disassembles. (20.37)
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What is
Positive feedback loops and segregation Maintenance of chromatin structure DNA methylation
How do cells preserve their identity after cell division? (9.31-33)
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What is Shh acts in a graded fashion to pattern the dorsal‐ventral axis of the spinal cord. Increasing concentration and the duration of exposure to shh generate neurons with successively more ventral identities.
How does shh signaling affect the patterns of neurons in the spinal cord during development? (19.2.13)
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What is If the parent’s embryo has unhealthy mitochondria, remove the nucleus of the embryo and insert it into a donor embryo with healthy mitochondria. Since mitochondria have their own genome, technically the child has inherited DNA from three people.
How do you conceive a child with three parents? (16.41)
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