A sequence of degradative chemical reactions that break down complex molecules into smaller units, usually releasing energy in the process.

The movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient.

This occurs in place of respiration when no oxygen is present.

All chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed.

The cellular mechanisms used for extracting energy from sunlight in photosynthesis and also from redox reactions, such as the oxidation of sugars (respiration).

Fermentation and respiration both use this.

A series of enzymatic reactions in mitochondria involving oxidative metabolism of acetyl compounds to produce high-energy phosphate compounds that are the source of cellular energy

This % is energy stored in a glucose molecule.

These funnel electrons into cellular respiration.

That part of the energy in a substance that can be released by a chemical reaction.

This is an organic acid. It is also a ketone, as well as being the simplest alpha-keto acid.

The production of complex molecules within living organisms or cells.

This is gained from Glycolysis breaking down glucose.

What does the citric acid cycle release?

A process in which information about the past or the present influences the same phenomenon in the present or future.