Biological Compasses Jeopardy Template

Birds	Bees	Turtles	Navigational Systems	Similarities and Differences
100 Magnetite This material is found in bird’s beaks	100 Distance, quality, and angle from the sun The three aspects of the waggle dance bees to communicate location	100 The Gulf-stream Loggerhead turtles spend most of their life here	100 The head This area is focused on during the search for a magnetoreceptor	100 A sun compass Both birds and bees use this biological compass
200 The Emlen funnel This tool is used to test bird’s magnetoreception	200 Blue, green, UV Bees have three pigment molecules used to see these types of light	200 Wave direction and light reflecting off the ocean These cues are used to help turtle hatchlings make their way to the open ocean	200 Trout and magnetotaxic bacteria These two organisms have been found to have magnetoreceptors	200 Bees and birds These two animals perceive time (that we have discussed)
300 A celestial compass, using the North Star Polaris Indigo Buntings use this method of navigation	300 The polarization sensitive area (POL) This area of the eye is used to sense UV light	300 Protection, education, relocation Turtle conservation efforts use these three methods	300 4 degrees/minute, or 15 degrees/hour, slower at the height This is the rate at which the sun moves	300 They no longer swam/hopped in one/the correct direction This occurred when both birds and turtles were exposed to a manipulated magnetic field
400 Shortening the length of the artificial day-night cycle This method was used to trick birds into migratory behavior more than twice a year	400 Primary: sun compass, backup: UV polarization, further backup: landmarks These three systems, mentioned in Dyer and Gould, are used by bees to navigate (list order)	400 Magnetoreception, chemoreception, and a possible wave compass These methods allow turtles to return to the same beach they were born at	400 Polarization compasses measure to direction to the north pole. Inclination compasses measures the angle between the magnetic field and the surface of the earth This is the difference between inclination and polarization compasses	400 Birds and bees These animals exhibit the ability to learn
500 Inclination compasses only give you latitudinal information within a hemisphere Many birds would have difficulty migrating from pole to pole for this reason	500 The sun is given priority, unless it is weak, and then polarization is used When given both a view of the sun and incorrect polarization of the sky, bees do this	500 They have myopic vision so cannot see star configurations This is the reason turtles cannot use a celestial compass	500 A human was spun around, with or without clothes, and told to point north These are the experiments done to determine if humans have magnetoreception	500 Bees have compound eyes, turtles are myopic, and birds have monocular vision These are how bees, birds, and turtles eyes are different from our own

Biological Compasses

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