Principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed

enzymes increase the rate of reaction by decreasing _________ energy

___________ diffusion requires a protein transporter or channel, but no ATP

a discrete packet of light

eukaryotic cells package their chromosomes in this organelle

A boulder at the top of a hill contains _____energy

Sum of all chemical reactions in an organism

Diffusion is a type of ___________ transport because it doesn't require ATP

little openings on leaves responsible for gas (CO2 and O2) exchange

a duplicated chromosome consists of 2 __________ chromatids

Glucose provides muscles energy to contract. This is the conversion of chemical energy into ________ energy.

ATP energizes other molecules by transferring a ___________ to them

Diffusion of water

Wavelength of light that is reflected by a green plant

structure where sister chromatids are joined

Measure of randomness in a system

the substrate binds to an enzymes' _________ site

Transport that requires ATP to move a substance against its concentration gradient

accessory pigment responsible for yellow-orange color in the fall

chromosomes that do not determine an indvidual's sex are called _____________ chromosomes

compound that directly provides energy for cellular work

substances that plug up an enzymes' active site

when a white blood cell ENGULFS a bacterium

products of photosynthesis include sugars, water, and this gas

____________ chromosomes carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics