Sow Bugs
Mini armodillo/potato bugs
uropods bifid
7 pairs of legs
1st antenna longer than the seonc

predator w mod tol

"Reference concentration approach
Compares benthic commnunities at test sites to multiple minimally impacted reference sites
Combo of catchment and site level habinat measures to select appropriate ref site"

"measure natural features that are known to influence biological communities
distinguish ref site groups
useful for building models"

"Option for wadable, sparsely vegetated soft sediment
Steams: no
Lakes: no
Wetlands: yes"

Scuds
2 long antenna of equal length
7 pairs of walking legs
no colour when preserved

Shredder w mod tol

"Experimental controls
Minimally impacted by human disturbance
Impacted sites can be used if they are minimally impacted to stressor of interest"

"3 replicate samples
understanding variability is umportant for bioassesssment (within group vs between group variance)
variance needed for confidence in sampling being representative"

"Any plant diversity
Stovepipe corer
core"

Beetles
3 pairs of jointed thoracic legs
Adults look like terrestrial beetles. Antenna w 11 or fewer segments
Elytra wings that cover body

predator w high tol

"Aquatic habitat disruption
point source contamination
riparian veg &deforistation of site and catchment
Dev/Urban/Ag landuse in catchment/site
imperviousness/artifical drainage in catchment
acidification (pH)
Water chem (concentration of disolved ox)
Regulation of water level (dams)"

"Spread test sites across study area
locate area near imporant nodes (features)
stratify sampling by landuse/type of water body"

"Pros:
High richness
animals large and easily ID'd
sig spring data exists
Cons:
Short sampling period before peak times for spring emergence"

Fishflies/Alderflies
Lateral gill filaments
well developed mandibles
anal prolegs or long terminal filament"

Collector w low tol

"1 select ref site (minimally impacted & ideally randomly
2. biological conditino is summarized. ref sites grouped by biological community
3. Niche variables identified
4. NV used to build predictive model
5. Biological, habitat, physiographic data collected for test site
6. Test site matched w ref site
7. stats to compare

"1. define site boundries
2. Map surface water and identify features of interest
3. Consult local agencies for available monitoring info
4. Determine sampling effort
5. For general questions about unfamiliar areas, spread test sites across study area, locate areas near important nodes, stratify sampling by water body or land use
6. Locate test sites across anticipated gradient from stressor impact
7. Select and samlpe ref sitese
8. Sample all manditory sites"

"Preferred: Marchant
Gives more reliable estimates of sample abundance
easily randomized
costly and time consuming
Optional: Bucket
Fast
Minimal Equipmenet
Inadequate randomization may cause bias"

Midges
segmented
anterior and posterior parapods w hooks
well developed sclerotized head w eyes"

Collector w low tol

"Biological data can be compared at test and ref sites
can be used to:
assess impact
diagnose stressors
evaluate temporal and spatial trends
provide data for water management"

"1. summarize data using set of metrics
2. Predict a test site to a set of ref sites using NV
3. Use ref site to establish what is normal
4. Test hypothesis"

"Preferred: PresrevedREquired if samples are stored
alcohol or formulin
removes ID cues related to movement
requires attention to safety and disposal
Optional: Live
Samples must be protected from heating
predation occuring in sample alter composition"