This was originally a defense mechanism in bacteria to cut up viral DNA, but it is now used to toggle genes on and off specifically and reliably in certain species.

According to the article, what is a significant signal of expression for certain genes?

Why could gene profiling be beneficial to the future of canine behavior?

When we look at certain species of dogs, for instance Dalmatians, we can see that these genes can cause common medical defects in those dogs. Many geneticists are hoping to use CRISPR and Cas9 technology to remove these from the genome.

According to research done by Alvarez this gene is speculated to be linked to aggression in small yappy dog breeds.

When we think about the future of genetics there are things we will be able to change in the genome that can help make ourselves and animals healthier. However, we unsure about what side effects might arise as multiple genes frequently code for one trait.

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According to a study comparing aggressive dogs to more mellow dogs conducted by Carlos Alverez there are several genes variants are responsible for causing dogs to be more prone to aggressive behaviors than others. Of these genes two are active in THIS part of the brain that helps to process fear.

Studying genes and behavior in animals like dogs can help with understanding human tendencies as well. One study looked at how fast certain species of dog would turn to a human for help with a problem that the dog had. It was found that several of these genes were related to behavior in humans with autism.