The cardiovascular system - heart, blood vessels, and blood cells - originates from this germ layer.

This is the most common Congenital Heart Disease.

This heart sound is caused by blood hitting the closed semilunar valves of the great arteries, the aorta and the pulmonary artery.

Normal fetal hemaglobin consists of two alpha chains and two _____ chains.

Sepsis is a cause of this type of cyanosis in adults.

This syndrome can occur in a developing fetus in which the mother has contracted rubella during her first trimester.

The majority of ventricular septal defects (VSD) are seen in this layer of the interventricular septum.

These type of murmurs are sometimes called crescendo murmurs due to their increase in intensity as systole/diastole progresses.

Pulmonary alveoli open up during this event.

Individuals with ______ (an abnormal increase in RBC as a proportion of blood volume), may present with cyanosis without hypoxia.

This embryonic structure gives rise to the coronary sinus.

A heart with this shape can be seen in a chest x-ray of patients with Tetralogy of Fallot.

This heart sound is due to blood falling passively from the atria into the ventricles, creating turbulence as it hits the ventricular walls.

This type of shunting occurs when blood that passes through the pulmonary capillaries is not oxygenated.

Normal neonatal ECG has right axis deviation (QRS axis +90 to +180) due to limited pulmonary flow and reduced blood volume in this side of the heart.

These antibiotics cross the placental membrane and are deposited in the embryo's bones and teeth at sites of active calcification.

This congenital heart defect is most often seen at the point where the ductus arteriosus closes.

With the exception of this type of murmurs, murmurs are best heard in their respective auscultation areas.

After a baby is born, the ductus venosus constricts to form this structure.

Conditions in neonates with this type of shunt result in central cyanosis.