Greater reliance on slavery in the Chesapeake Greater disparity in wealth between classes in the Chesapeake Mixed economy (e.g., fishing, lumber, tar, rope, small farming, etc.) in New England and reliance on agriculture and cash crops (e.g., tobacco, indigo, etc.) in Chesapeake Large (plantations/cash crop) vs. small (family/subsistence) farms Higher concentration of population density in New England compared to rural Chesapeake Religious differences between and among the regions (e.g., Rhode Island had more religious toleration, compared to Massachusetts Bay Colony, and the Maryland Toleration Act protected Catholics) New England founded more for religious reasons than the Chesapeake

France was removed from North America, Britain was in MASSIVE debt, ended salutary neglect, and began taxing the colonists. The war altered the relationship between the British and the colonists.

Cotton diplomacy refers to the diplomatic methods used by the Confederacy during the American Civil War to coerce Great Britain and France to support the Confederate war effort by implementing a cotton trade embargo against Britain and the rest of Europe.
It failed because the countries had large stockpiles of cotton and, in the case of England, relied just as much on northern trade as southern cotton, and had textile workers who supported the Union.

meant republicans and the north were abandoning all efforts to help blacks get equal rights in the south. made hayes president and ended reconstruction.

this act made it possible for states to establish public colleges funded by the development or sale of associated federal land grants. Over 10 million acres provided by these grants were expropriated from tribal lands of Native communities.

-Prolonged the time without slavery
Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years

Created a WEAK central government with issues over trade, finances, interstate commerce, and internal unrest (Shays' Rebellion)

his refusal to uphold certain supreme court rulings such as Cherokee vs GA

it prohibited the president from removing civilian or military officials from their positions without the consent of the Senate. This was an apparent trap for the president.

It assigned land in Indian Territory (Oklahoma) to 9 tribes. The land assigned to them was incapable of supporting subsistence agriculture, leading to competition between tribes over scarce land.

French/dutch-relied on trade alliances (for fur in particular) with Natives and often intermarried
English- Large number of male AND female immigrants - sought economic prosperity and religious freedom (Puritans) - focused on agriculture (tobacco in the Chesapeake); lived separately from Natives
Spanish- Sent many males, sought to acquire wealth (gold and silver), Converted and subjugated Natives

The British attempted to limit colonial expansion west of the Appalachian Mountains because this area was both difficult and expensive to control.

Democrats

-After the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ended the Mexican-American War in 1848, controversy emerged regarding whether or not slavery would expand into the southwest
-In 1846, Northern Democrat David Wilmot proposed the Wilmot Proviso which would've banned slavery in these new territories but the South prevented it from passing in Congress
-John C. Calhoun argued that slavery "followed the flag" due to property laws which gained support amongst southerners while Stephen Douglas continued to argue for popular sovereignty
-Resolved with Compromise of 1850

1890 massacre of the Sioux that marked the end of Indian resistance

The Pueblos forced the Spanish to leave for over 10 years. After the Spanish regained control, they were more accommodating to Native American culture.

The Revolution ended royal authority in the colonies; when the Article of Confederation proved inadequate, the founders wrote a national constitution that clearly delineated the powers and the limits of the government and explicitly guaranteed individual liberties, certainly a major change.

it was an American pronouncement to European countries to not interfere with independent nations in the Western Hemisphere

-Lincoln suspended some civil liberties like habeas corpus, a writ guaranteeing one's fair trial by jury, so as to imprison CSA sympathizers
-Lincoln also closed many rebellious newspapers
-Strictly enforced draft
-Established first paper currency and income tax (both powers outside the Constitution)
-Established martial law in Maryland to protect DC
-14th amendment made sure states complied with 5th amendment

The Battle of the Little Bighorn, also called Custer's Last Stand, marked the most decisive Native American victory and the worst U.S. Army defeat in the long Plains Indian War. The demise of Custer and his men outraged many white Americans and confirmed their image of the Indians as wild and bloodthirsty

-Agricultural but diversified economies by 1754
-Initial tolerance for survival between American
Indians and British colonists Wars between colonists and American Indians due to land and cultural conflicts Indentured servitude and slavery as forms of labor Dependence on trade from and to Britain (e.g., Triangular Trade) Motivations for immigration (e.g., religious and economic)

Northern states began to abolish slavery; however, slavery became even more entrenched in the South; the Constitution didn't abolish either slavery or the slave trade, but it did open the door to ending the slave trade after 1808.

many people opposed the extension of the institution of slavery into new territory, and worried that adding Missouri as a slave state would upset the balance that currently existed between slave and free states in the Union. Pro-slavery Southerners, meanwhile, argued that new states, like the original 13, should be given the freedom to choose whether to permit slavery or not.

-Enacted by angry Southerners by 1865
-Designed to force former slaves back into plantation labor
-Imposed penalties on African-Americans without full-year labor contracts and set up procedures which took kids away from their parents as slave owners "apprentices"

Dawes Severalty Act reversed the long-standing American policy of allowing Indian tribes to maintain their traditional practice of communal use and control of their lands.