The objects described by a set of data. May be people, animals or things

a distribution is the value with p percent of the observations less than that

measures an outcome of a study

any characteristic of an individual. can be different values for different individuals

always on or above the horizontal axis and has area exactly 1 underneath it

May help explain or influence changes in a response variable

Places an individuals into one of several groups or categories

A mean of 0 and a standard deviation 1

shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same individuals

Takes numerical values for which it makes sense to find an average.

A table of areas under the standard normal curve

The overall pattern moves from upper left to lower right

A variable tells us what values the variable takes and how often it takes these values

Describes what percent of observations like within one, two and three standard deviations

measures the direction and strength of the linear relationship between two quantitative variables