Thermoregulation | Metabolism/Nutrition | Nervous/Endocrine System | Circulation | Sleep |
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Ectotherm
What is a synonym for poikilotherm?
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Metabolic rate
What is the rate of energy expenditure of an animal called?
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Neuron
What is a cell that sends a message to another cell by by an electrical signal called an action potential?
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Heart; lungs
Name at least one organ involved in blood circulation
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Insomnia
What is a sleep disorder in which you have trouble staying or falling asleep?
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Endothermy and Ectothermy
What are the two main methods by which animals produce heat?
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Assimilation
The breakdown of food molecules by enzyme action into smaller chemical components is to digestion as the entry of molecules into living tissues of an animal from outside those tissues is to.....
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Voltage-gated
Leak Channel ATP-pump channel
What are two types of ion channels?
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Away; towards
Arteries lead blood ______ from the heart, while veins lead blood ______ the heart.
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Restoration/Recovery Hypothesis
Under which hypothesis is sleep regarded as a function needed to heal damage to bodies in terms of boosting immune system functionality and healing wounds more rapidly
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Endothermic homeotherms
High performance in poor conditions is a characteristic of....
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Allometrically
How does metabolic rate scale with body size?
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Pituitary gland
What is the main gland in the brain involved in hormones, often referred to as the master gland?
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Systolic is the highest pressure during cardiac contraction, while diastolic is the lowest pressure during cardiac relaxation
What is the difference diastolic and systolic pressure?
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Behavioral
Homeostatic regulation Electrophysiological Physiological
Name at least two of the four characteristics that define sleep
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Increases with temperature until it reaches a critical temperature.
What is the relationship between metabolic rate and performance of ectotherms?
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Essential organic nutrients
What are nutrients that organisms cannot biochemically synthesize?
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Insulin and Epinephrine
Insulin and Glucagon
What are two hormones that influence one another through antagonism?
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Open:
•Cells directly bathed in blood •Cannot control pressure or flow •High ‘blood’ volume Closed: •Cells separated from blood by other cells •Can control pressure and flow •Low ‘blood’ volume
Name one difference between open and closed circulatory system
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Jellyfish don't have brains
What is the primary justification as to why jellyfish do not have the ability to sleep?
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Hyperthermia
What is an animal's rise of metabolic rate above thermoneutrality?
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Chitin and cellulose
What are the two most abundant organic compounds on Earth, but many animals lack the enzymes to digest them?
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Creates a negative feedback loop by lowering blood glucose levels
Stores and facilitates nutrient storage
What are two functions of insulin in nutrient metabolism in vertebrates?
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Atrium
Sinus Venosus Bulbus Arteriosus Ventricle
Name at least two of the four sequential chambers of the fish heart
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REM
During what stage of sleep can sleep paralysis occur?
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