| Overrepresentation | Systemic Discrimination | General Policy Development | Conditional Sentencing | The Gladue Court |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
3%
To what extent does the Aboriginal population account for the national population? (percentage)
|
Racism
What term is used in everyday language to define the existence of this phenomenon outside of the CJS?
|
Alternatives to sentencing
Define restorative justice in the Aboriginal context.
|
To serve as an alternative to imprisonment for less serious offenses
In short, what is the purpose of conditional sentencing in the context of the issue at hand?
|
Other courts are less likely to grant bail to Aboriginal offenders as they are often unable to meet bail requirements.
What is a major difference between the Gladue Court and other courts in granting bail?
|
|
20%
To what extent do Aboriginal offenders account for the population of incarcerated individuals? (percentage)
|
Socio-economic marginality; Colonialism; High offending rates; Discrimination in policing
Identify one factor that contributes to the existence of systemic discrimination.
|
718.2
On which particular section of the Criminal Code were amendments made?
|
Two years
What is the maximum length of a conditional sentence?
|
The Ontario Court of Justice and the Attorney General of Ontario
Who established the Gladue Court?
|
|
The federal government
Who has the greatest responsibility for Aboriginal people as a whole?
|
Structural problems which lead to the social and economic marginality of Aboriginal people.
Define socio-economic marginality.
|
The Department of Justice Canada (Canada Justice)
Which institution established the Aboriginal Justice Strategy?
|
28,000
Approximately how many conditional sentences had been ordered within the first two years of its existence?
|
The questions asked by a judge are naturally subjective; Aboriginal offenders less likely to have completed certain level of education/have a job + earn a steady income/have permanent residence in area of crime.
Outside of the Gladue Court, what contributes to the frequent denial of bail and subsequent pre-trial detention?
|
|
Corrections
In what area of the CJS are Aboriginal youths most overrepresented?
|
Aboriginal underclass
What term is used to describe the group of Aboriginal individuals who are, statistically speaking, the least privileged?
|
Caucasian boys
Which demographic benefitted the most from the introduction of the Youth Criminal Justice Act?
|
An increase in the number of individuals sentenced to time in a correctional institution
Define ‘net-widening’.
|
The Court gives consideration to granting bail when most other courts would not; fewer people are sentenced to imprisonment/pre-trial detention
How have the Court’s practices contributed to addressing the problem of overpopulation in jails?
|
|
The Office of the Correctional Investigator
Which institution formally reported the increase in incarceration rates from 2001 through 2006?
|
Lower social status; Cultural alienation; Territorial dispossession; Socio-economic marginality
What are two effects of colonialism in the context of systemic discrimination?
|
1. Overrepresentation not, in fact, an issue of discriminatory sentencing 2. Supreme Court/718.2(2) does not promote full equality in sentencing 3.‘Alternatives’ to imprisonment are virtually non-existent
State two of the three arguments made by Stenning and Roberts in their 2001 article against the policy revisions that were made.
|
If there is a breach, one may have to serve more time than they would have if they were incarcerated on the first offense; Prior to 718.2(e) a less serious sentence would most probably have been handed down.
What are the issues with conditional sentencing regarding the amount of time offenders must serve in correctional institutions?
|
September 1995: 19-year-old Jamie suspected boyfriend was having an affair with sister; threats and insults were exchanged; offender stabbed victim in the chest resulting in death; sentenced to three years of imprisonment
In general terms, what were the circumstances that led to the indictment of Jamie Gladue?
|
Support Us on Ko-fi