The study of humans in the past

Mountainous; rocky soil/not very fertile; many Greeks were fishermen or merchant traders

The most famous of all Greek city-states; known as the birthplace of democracy; a place of study for historians, geographers, philosophers, etc.

Government created by Rome; form of government in which the leader is not a king or queen but someone put into office by citizens with the right to vote; citizens have the power

A political alliance of three people

People who move from place to place looking for resources

The first civilization that lived in the region; NOT GREEK; lived on the island of Crete

War between Athens and Sparta; Sparta won and agreed to leave Athens alone as long as they stopped trying to imperialize

During times of crisis or danger, a dictator was selected to avoid chaos; once the crisis or danger was gone, they were supposed to give the power up

Citizens choose a smaller group to make laws and governmental decisions on their behalf

"The land between two rivers"

Originally from central Asia; invaded the Greek mainland around 1900 B.C.; Mycenaean leaders became the new kings and the warriors became the nobles

How the Ancient Greeks competed in the early Olympics

Rome was divided into two social classes

Every citizen can vote firsthand on laws and policies

A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets

Members of a political community who treat each other as equals and who have rights and responsibilities

Son of Darius; became Persian king. He vowed revenge on the Athenians. He invaded Greece with 180,000 troops in 480 B.C.

A set of laws that tried to promote equality and fairness for both the patrician class and plebeian class

Known as a warrior people who ruthlessly conquered neighboring countries; their empire stretched from east to north of the Tigris River all the way to central Egypt; used ladders, weapons like iron-tipped spears, daggers and swords, tunnels, and fearful military tactics to gain strength in their empire

The set of laws drawn up by Babylonian king Hammurabi that dealt with issues about witchcraft, military service, taxes, disputes, loans, wages, debts, etc.

Free, native-born, landowning men could be citizens

Place where the Greek fleet attacked the Persian fleet; smaller, faster, and more maneuverable ships gave the Greeks the advantage

A plan used by patricians to try and fool plebeians into thinking that the times were good and fair

The Two ways early humans adapted to the environment