5

Yes AND no as it depends on the situation.

It all comes down if you want to kill the ant or if you accidentally stepped on it. Of course it’s not good to take a life, but you in your mind was not about killing it so it’s not as heavy as actively trying to kill it. It’s the same concept as eating meat. You need meat to live but you aren’t necessarily killing it. You are playing a small role in supporting killing animals, but you do what you have to do to survive.

Vegetarians are on the right track but that doesn’t mean plant don’t have souls, they do. The idea is that they have the power of regrowth unlike animals as once you kill them they will be gone for good. That’s also why you don’t see monks eat seeds.

A set of rules

Those who vow to follow the guidelines of the three jewels.

True, you aren’t committing a crime. But you are still violating the rules by stealing an idea. Realistically speaking, when you see something on the internet, it is hard to find who the owner is exactly but you could at least credit the page you found the meme on by sharing the page instead of reposting it on your page like you were the one that made it. Stealing is not limited to physical items but also ideas and thoughts as well.

Not killing, not stealing, not committing improper sex acts, not lying or saying harmful things, not taking alcohol or intoxicants

You are not technically breaking the rule. It’s the action that follows your drinking that could bring harm to yourself or another person when it becomes a concern. Generally, in Buddhism, alcohol dilutes one’s mind and makes it hard to think or act. That’s why they ban drinking. But if you drink and are able to keep yourself in control, able to have someone else drive you home or take care of you, then you are in a better position than those who drink and drive. Monks don’t drink because alcohol dilutes their mind and hinders their practice. They have more set of rules and guidelines to follow than us. So if their mind is not straight and clear, it is difficult for them to follow it.

You, yourself

False, you are still cheating on your partner/husband/wife. By lying to your partner that you are at work while you are trying to have “fun” with someone else, you are committing improper sex acts. It’s a one night stand, no attachment, but by doing so, you show no loyalty or faithfulness towards your partner.

The precepts are not limited to only any wrong doings but it also includes speech (whatever you say) and your thoughts (whatever you think) that is impure and that may be harmful to those around you

No. You just have to do it one at a time and do your best at them. Not everything is black and white. There is always a grey area in between.

False. By lying to the patient, you are trying to make him live a little better for his remaining years. You are not actually bringing harm to your patients.
This applies not only to lies but also insults that hurt other people and even some jokes. As long as you say something hurtful, it is against the rule. You don’t know how the other person may feel so you can’t assume that it would be okay to say something offensive as a joke and think that it would be okay as well for the other person.